Thursday, August 27, 2020

Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Cultural Studies Essay

Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Cultural Studies Essay Carl is you ordinary Filipino young who fortunately wins a chance to be a piece of an adolescent meeting held abroad. He meets numerous youngsters, much the same as him, who originates from various pieces of the world. After cooperating with them, he sees some social practices as fairly odd and awkward for him. In like manner, he likewise feels that different young people feel a similar path about him; he doesnt know why. To exacerbate the situation, his flat mate is of Middle Eastern foundation. Carl cant very comprehend why his flat mate talks excessively near him and that his flat mate as often as possible breaths directly before his face. Not realizing what to does, he just amenably signaled to go out and afterward he in the end did. With a great deal in his brain, he chose to snatch a beverage. After showing up at the rewards corner, he met the Iranian young lady which had as of late given a superb introduction before. Planning to warm up to her, Carl motioned her with the appro val hand signal for an occupation very much done. Expecting a grin or a thank you from her, Carl got the direct inverse; a mortifying smack to the face. The world presently is getting littler and littler; this is made conceivable on account of globalization and innovation. People from everywhere throughout the globe are currently allowed the chance to meet and comprehend others whose social foundation might be unique in relation to theirs. Along these lines, misconceptions may emerge. All together for this not to occur, people must be awesome communicators. One method of creating fantastic conveying abilities in spite of contrasts in foundation is by learning and acing nonverbal correspondence and its various understandings around the globe. In this paper, one will be given an outline about what nonverbal correspondence is when all is said in done and a great deal of models and situations on how various societies decipher these nonverbal signals. Explanation of the Problem This paper expects to give perusers a diagram of what nonverbal correspondence is and its significance in the correspondence procedure, especially in the diverse setting. Likewise In this paper the conversation of the translation of the various societies of the different nonverbal signs is additionally introduced. Especially, this paper initially talks about what correspondence is and how correspondence happens nonverbally. The particular properties of nonverbal correspondence from the verbal correspondence is then examines alongside the elements of nonverbal correspondence a while later. Close to this, the distinctive nonverbal prompts are then each completely examined in order to give the peruser a general information about the point. In the wake of accomplishing this, the significance of nonverbal correspondence in between social cooperations will at that point be examined. A while later, normal situations of how various societies see each nonverbal prompt will be given with the goal that the perusers will be made mindful of how assorted each nonverbal signal is deciphered. This is additionally to outfit them with a significant information which they will without a doubt find helpful and material in their everyday lives. Finally, the paper will at that point examine reasonable uses of the i nformation on nonverbal correspondence and its understanding in various societies all around the globe. Centrality of the Problem The investigation of nonverbal signs and its translation around the globe is helpful to all. Here are only some particular gatherings of individuals and the advantages they can accomplish by saddling the maximum capacity of the utilization of nonverbal correspondence. To the transient laborers, the information on the nonverbal methods of imparting, especially in their host nation, is basic for their endurance. Its through the information on the nonverbal prompts where they can turn out to be progressively compelling communicators. What's more, by turning out to be compelling communicators, they can maintain a strategic distance from errors and have the option to communicate all the more effectively and viably. To the experts, by getting proficient in nonverbal correspondence, they can have an edge against others. Furnished with this, it will be simpler for them to ascend p the professional bureaucracy or advance all the more rapidly in their ideal vocation way and furthermore make business manages outsiders simpler. To the youngsters, by getting mindful of the nonverbal prompts and its various understandings across societies, they become all the more socially incorporated. They at that point start to comprehend other people who are distinctive structure their own all the more eagerly and in the long run figure out how to blend durably with others. With this being accomplished, world harmony can gradually be emerged through the endeavors of the young around the globe. To the old, with the information on the nonverbal prompts across societies they can turn out to be progressively mindful of the progressions around them. Thusly, they wont be shaken by the progressions which may happen around them. Additionally this offers them the chance to find out about specific activities which might be, in their way of life, discourteous or foul however isnt for another. This is to stay away from mistaken assumptions and clashes. Extension and Limitations This investigation concentrates more on the general outline on what nonverbal correspondence is and the normal translation of nonverbal signals far and wide. Nonverbal correspondence is as yet a growing exploration theme in established researchers; subsequently, there arent that numerous investigations yet that are led regarding the matter. Because of time imperatives, this paper isnt ready to examine the particulars which rotate around the subject. The analyst couldn't realize how each examination was led by the individual in power. The scientist was just ready to get the ends which were gotten from these investigations and experimentations. Likewise the part of correspondence wherein this subject was put together was with respect to up close and personal associations, not through some other methods. Another constraint is that lone a small amount of all the understanding of nonverbal signs far and wide is talked about in the explanation. As what was expressed before, the understandi ng of nonverbal correspondence across societies is a generally new pursuit in established researchers and just a bunch of examination has been directed as existing apart from everything else. Another explanation being that writings and sources about this subject are still moderately new and that the vast majority of these are elusive or be gotten particularly in our region. Meaning of Terms Nonverbal correspondence. A procedure whereby individuals, through the purposeful or unexpected control of regulating activities and desires, express encounters, sentiments and perspectives so as to identify with and control themselves, others and their surroundings. Characteristic codes. Correspondence In the books composed by Griffin (1991) and Hayakawa (1990), it was expressed that correspondence has no single acknowledged definition. Yet rather there are three viewpoints in which it is comprehended. First is the Communication Behavior Perspective. It is characterized dependent on the activities of the people included significance it tends to be either sender-situated of collector arranged. As indicated by the sender arranged definition, correspondence occurs if the sender has the aim to communicate something specific with the utilization of a language. It is immaterial to know if at any time the beneficiary gets the message or not. Then again, the collector arranged definition holds that correspondence as the reaction of a life form to a boost. The subsequent point of view is the Communication Process Perspective. It looks on correspondence as the community oriented exertion of at least two people. Along these lines, as indicated by this point of view, it isn't right to expect that correspondence is occurring between two individuals if just one is associated with the procedure; in any case is he/she is the sender or at the less than desirable end. There are three meanings of the Communication Process Perspective. First is the respective definition which expect that the sender must plan to communicate something specific and that the beneficiary must decipher that message. Second is the Interaction-arranged definition which holds that correspondence occurs if two people are both sending and accepting messages. What's more, in conclusion the mutual importance definition holds that correspondence happens just if the message is basically, in spite of the fact that not decisively, deciphered as what it was assume to. For reasons for understanding Nonverbal Communication it is prescribed to utilize the last correspondence point of view is the Communication Code Perspective. It underscores that correspondence is conceivable through the utilization of correspondence codes. First sort of correspondence code is the inborn codes. These are codes which we have even before birth. These are organically shared codes among people for correspondence purposes. Next are notable codes which are found out in which the outward appearances are utilized to purposely to speak with others. The last correspondence code is the discretionary code which is a scholarly sign framework which is socially developed and it utilizes images to pass on messages. Nonverbal Communication Significance of Nonverbal Communication In an article by the Oklahoma Panhandle State University, it was noticed that that Hickson Stacks (1985) characterized nonverbal correspondence as A procedure whereby individuals, through the deliberate or inadvertent control of regulating activities and desires, express encounters, emotions, and mentalities so as to identify with and control themselves, others and their surroundings. Besides, Wertheim referenced in his article that a huge level of the importance got from correspondence is from the non-verbal signs. Also, in an investigation directed by Professor Albert Mehrabian called Mehrabians correspondence study bears witness to the way that in fact nonverbal correspondence has a significant influence in the correspondence procedure. Mehrabians closed the accompanying from the investigations he directed. He in this way summed up that in all correspondence, 7% happens through verbally expressed words while 38% through voice tone and 55% happens by means of non-verbal communication, the two being nonverbal

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Labeling Theory

Running Head:| Labeling Theory | Labeling Theory Stacie O'Reilly Miller-Motte Lisa Bruno October 20, 2012 Abstract According to crafted by Frank Tannenbaum, Howard Becker, Edwin Lemert and the Labeling Theory, profession crooks are frequently made by our adolescent equity framework and by our general public and their marking of adolescents who have been sentenced for submitting a freak demonstration. These adolescents are regularly named as ‘juvenile delinquents'. The Labeling, not the adolescent's qualities, can make a routine guilty party. Naming TheoryFrank Tannenbaum, otherwise called the â€Å"Grandfather of the Labeling Theory†, in 1938, composed against prevalent views that adolescent delinquents were diverse from various perspectives than non-delinquents and that they were individuals who fit into where they were put by society and the adolescent equity framework. This idea is the start of the Labeling Theory in criminology and human science, known as â€Å"Dram atizing Evil†. Tannenbaum’s contention was that: 0 When they first violate the law, the adolescent is a next to zero distinctive in attributes than his friends. Young people who are named â€Å"bad† will be dealt with uniquely in contrast to their friends who are not marked as â€Å"bad†. 2 They may accept their name and carry on as they accept they should. As the young people are named, they may never again be acknowledged by their companions yet will readily be acknowledged by different pariahs. This is the beginnings of the marking hypothesis. Edwin Lemert, humanist, added to the Labeling Theory by contending that all individuals lead degenerate conduct sporadically and whenever got any individual could, by response of society and the criminal equity framework, be abeled as a reprobate. Lemert examined and recorded the arrangement of occasions that can result from the one episode. To all the more likely clarify the marking procedure he utilizes Primary and Secondary deviation. Essential Deviation is the principal reprobate act the individual gets discovered performing. Optional Deviance is depicted by Lemert as any degenerate demonstration submitted because of the marking of the individual because of the Primary Deviance. Howard Becker in the 1960’s supported the Labeling Theory, clarifying: â€Å"†¦ ocial bunches make aberrance by making rules whose infraction makes abnormality, and by applying those jobs to specific individuals and marking them as outcasts. Starting here of view, aberrance is anything but a nature of the demonstration the individual submits, yet rather a result of the application by other of rules and endorses to a ‘offender. ‘ The degenerate is one to whom that name has been effectively applied; freak conduct is conduct that individuals so mark. â€Å"[Becker] In the present society, marking can be as destructive as could be and can happen to an adolescent who has not been indicted for any wrong doing.Before a respondent gets an opportunity to confront his informer, society is building up a name for him/her. In our criminal equity framework, an individual can be captured on the off chance that it is thought, by the specialists, that the blamed had carried out a wrongdoing. The blamed is arrested, finger printed and a photograph taken as a feature of the capture procedure. The present media and innovation help the naming procedure along, frequently pre-maturely. There are shields to shield adolescents from the presentation, however these assurances stop at the youthful age of 18, similarly as these youngsters are attempting to discover their way.Once somebody is captured, his/her mug shot, alongside the wrongdoing they are accused of gets open, frequently in the neighborhood paper and on the web. This data likewise turns out to be a piece of the denounced's personal investigation. I have reviewed normal residents and organizations to comprehend what impacts this i ntroduction can have on youngsters applying for work and all in all, at the end of the day, the impacts of naming on choices of individuals interfacing with the people who are named, which will influence the manner in which the marked individual will start to see himself/herself.In the mug shot study, the named are not named authoritatively and not indicted for a wrongdoing, anyway they are seen by outsiders by the photographs of themselves posted in the wrongdoing segments of papers and sites. The responses to the review questions are harsher than anticipated: 0 Would you employ somebody you as of late observed in the neighborhood mug shots? The appropriate responses were in numerous decision designs and are as per the following no, most likely not, presumably, or yes. Of the people reviewed, 26. 7% reacted ‘no', 53. 3% reacted ‘probably not', 20% reacted ‘probably' and nobody reacted ‘yes'. Okay permit your adolescent to date somebody you as of late observe d in your neighborhood mug shots? With a similar four decisions for answers, 60% addressed ‘no'. 26. 7% reacted ‘probably not', 20% reacted ‘probably', and nobody addressed ‘yes'. 0 Would you feel good strolling close to somebody you as of late found in the neighborhood mug shots? Having indistinguishable noting choices from the above inquiries, 6. 7% addressed ‘no', 13. 3% addressed ‘probably not', 66. 7% reacted with ‘probably' and 13. 3% addressed ‘yes'. The above numbers show how contrarily individuals are thought of after an experience with the law, paying little mind to blame or innocence.This must be clear to the individual being named quietly by those in his/her locale, the treatment got may majorly affect his/her mental self view and they may acknowledge this view as obvious and will be acknowledged by others in a similar circumstance. Criminals, by definition, are those individuals who have been sentenced for a â€Å"serious crime†. These feelings can be of numerous things from trick to assault, yet are assembled with a disgrace that can transform the marked individual into the beast he/she is frequently seen as by others. When named a â€Å"felon†, an individual may lose any expectation of beating a reprobate past; one occasion can prompt this negative mark. An individual who is marked a criminal is dealt with contrastingly by society, they are named by an occasion and any accomplishments and great conduct up to that point is ignored, numerous rights are detracted from criminals and limitations applied. Except for Vermont and Maine, Felons and ex-Felons are confined from casting a ballot in the United States. 0 Federal Law denies those named ‘Felons' to ‘bear arms'.These two fundamental rights that criminal's loath are away from of the way that society sees them as risky and not commendable. This is fortified with each request for employment that they round out, over and again , they should recognize that they are a criminal, and criminals can be anybody sentenced for medicate ownership to kill, all assembled. Youngsters who are marked as Felon's are excluded and make some hard memories discovering work, which can prompt them thinking they are not commendable, tolerating the name, and going to an existence of wrongdoing for survival.I made a study to get a speedy view from individuals who might possibly communicate with criminals to perceive how they would react to a criminal in various conditions. The manner in which the criminal is reacted to by society can enable the criminal to see himself as he is seen others. The responses to the study questions are true to form: 0 Would you enlist a sentenced criminal? The appropriate responses were in numerous decision designs and are as per the following no, most likely not, presumably, or yes. Of the people reviewed, 20% reacted ‘no', 60% reacted ‘probably not', 20% reacted ‘probably' and nobod y reacted ‘yes'. 0 Would you permit your young person to date a sentenced felon?With a similar four decisions for answers, 100% addressed ‘no'. 0 Would you feel good working intimately with a sentenced criminal? Having indistinguishable noting choices from the above inquiries, 0% addressed ‘no', and 80% addressed ‘probably not', 20% reacted with ‘probably' and nobody addressed ‘yes'. The outcomes show the trouble a criminal will have being restored while being dreaded and undesirable by individual residents. The name is destroying to an indicted criminal with minimal possibility of business which is a significant piece of increasing confidence and certainty to conquer such a cruel stigma.Without in any event, realizing what the criminal was sentenced for and any conditions included, the network's youngsters are untouchable to those lamentable enough to have earned this mark. Society despite everything marks youngsters now and then by one episode w hich shows just the likelihood that the individual violated the law and this isn't legitimate, it is roundabout, through the media. When an official name like ‘felon' is utilized, it is significantly increasingly unfavorable to the individual dispensed, on the grounds that the laws coordinated to them go connected at the hip with how outsiders and colleagues appear to view Would you recruit somebody you as of late observed in the nearby mug shots?Would you employ somebody you as of late observed in the neighborhood mug shots? them. OK permit your young person to date somebody you as of late observed in the neighborhood mug shots? OK permit your young person to date somebody you as of late observed in the nearby mug shots? Okay feel great strolling close to somebody you as of late observed in the neighborhood mug shots? OK feel great strolling close to somebody you as of late observed in the nearby mug shots? OK permit your young person to date an indicted criminal? Okay permit your adolescent to date an indicted criminal? Okay recruit an indicted felon?Would you enlist a sentenced criminal? Okay feel great working intimately with a sentenced criminal? Okay feel great working intimately with an indicted criminal? References OReilly, S. (n. d. ). Criminals Survey. SurveyMonkey: Free online study programming and poll apparatus. Recovered November 9, 2012, from http://www. surveymonkey. com/s/K3MZSKJ OReilly, S. (n. d. ). Mug shots Survey. SurveyMonkey: Free online review programming and poll device. Recovered November 9, 2012, from http://www. surveymonkey. com/s/5T8MQYL Parmelee, M. (1918).Criminology, by Maurice Parmelee †¦. New York:

Paper ESF free essay sample

The Department of Justice assigned the TAFT to oversee/ordinate the elements of ESP.- 13. As a major aspect of the National Response Plan, ESP.- 13 includes the coordination of government law requirement reaction for open wellbeing and security. Ready and waiting and prepared to send at whatever point a potential or real emergency requiring a planned Federal reaction are different offices that fall under the Department of Homeland Security and the DOG. Extent of ESP.- 13 ESP.- 13 Is an instrument for giving and organizing Federal to Federal help; Federal help to State, Tribal, and Local specialists; as well as In help to other Esp..These components comprise of law implementation, open wellbeing, and security capacities/assets in case of a potential or real fiasco requiring a planned Federal reaction, for example, a significant typhoon. The capacities bolster emergency occurrence the executives necessities that incorporate power/basic foundation insurance, security arranging/specialized help, innovation support, and obviously broad police operational help. We will compose a custom article test on Paper ESF or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This happens In both pre-permissive and post-occurrence circumstances. ESP.- 13 will enact at whatever point States, Tribal. ND neighborhood government assets are overpowered or become deficient when conditions require broad open wellbeing and security applications. This will likewise apply when necessities for defensive arrangements or capacities that is one of a kind to the Federal Government for Federal to Federal help activities. The exercises of ESP.- 13 ought not be mistaken for what Is depicted in the Terrorism Incident Law Enforcement and Investigation Annex of the NOR. Psychological militant assault Incidents, ESP. - 13 organizes and contributes backing to the DOG/FBI tasks just when requested.Participants of ESP.- 13 Appointed by the DOG, the TAFT is the lead planning expert for ESP.- 13. The TAFT is entrusted with the every day the board and activities obligations when ESP.- 13 is actualized. This includes the arranging, arrangements, and coordination for national crises at the national, State, and neighborhood levels. Between the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMALE the governors office, open security authorities at the State level, and all degrees of law requirement, the TAFT fills in as contact on an everyday basis.Participation in practices and various arranging meetings a piece of the TAFT obligations moreover. The degree of obligation expanded and the development of ESP.- consistently rose, the center spending plans subsidizing was redirected and antagonistically influenced Tufts different projects. The capacity to grow appropriately an establishment for the program was upset because of absence of assets, labor, hardware, and preparing that were American open with high bore law authorization readiness and reaction will require extra resources.Those assets must originate from the Department of Justice and the Federal government in a period of emergency. Different individuals incorporate the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEAD) may give accessible labor and assets; Federal Bureau of In vestigation (FBI) may offer specific types of assistance and assets; Office of Justice Programs (JP) offers administrations basic to and direct imply to State, Tribal, and neighborhood law requirement in their endeavors to keep up the standard of law and the congruity of activities. Moreover, by direct or utilized crisis subsidizing support, particular gear advances, crisis bolster administrations, crisis specialized help on nearby law requirement strategy and practices, and specialized administrations identified with data sharing and innovation applications. The U. S. Marshals Service (SUMS) may give accessible labor, for example, representatives, bolster work force, surgeons, dangerous finder canine groups, and specialized activities support. Operational Response to a Critical Incident of FederalInterest The Tufts Special Operations Division and ESP.- 13 National Coordination Center at Headquarters arrange demands from FEM. Has and the Joint Field Office OF) when enacted. At the enactment of ESP.- 13 during the event of a national crisis, the TAFT will convey inside around six hours to the influenced zone when advised. Joining forces with State law requirement once on scene, the TAFT will assess the circumstance as it identifies with open safety.Performing as a clearing house, the TAFT matches Federal law implementations accessible assets with the mentioning purviews needs. The TAFT attempts to guarantee the organization of those assets are immediately done. The managerial and operational controls of the ESP.- 13 assets are with the law implementation office mentioning help while sent. At whatever point mentioned by the office, the TAFT will offer authoritative help and wellbeing/security for showing up ESP.- 13 resources.In the occasion of an emergency and there are not adequate assets accessible to react the States representative may request through the Attorney Generals office. Other help organizations, for example, Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Energy, Department of Homeland Security, Department of the Interior, Department of the Treasury, Department of Veteran Affairs, Environment Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Social Security Administration, U.S. Postal Service, Inspectors General Offices. Every single other office specialists and duties are held by every element. This incorporates assets, for example, work force, gear, offices, specialized help, and some other kind of help required. Job of state and neighborhood offices At the State and nearby levels, organizations key job in securing their basic foundation and media communications frameworks. They likewise collaborate with the Federal Government on security-related advancements and research/development.In most episode circumstances, nearby Jurisdictions have essential power and obligation regarding law authorization exercises, using the Incident Command System (CICS) on scene. Coordinating on-scene occurrence the board exercises is the obligation of the neighborhood episode order structure. Order and control of on-scene occurrence activities (EEOC) will offer help to the neighborhood EEOC guaranteeing people on call have adequate sources to lead viable tasks. By incorporating state with nearby organizing structures or the neighborhood episode order structure guarantees effective accomplishme nt. End Assisting Federal, State, Tribal, Local and Territorial law authorization offices is the essential strategic Emergency Support Function #13. In case of a significant fiasco or fear based oppressor assault may overpower an organization when peace must be reestablished after such an occasion and ESP.- asss execution would help with reestablishing request. I talked about ESP.- asss beginning, the extent of ESP.- 13, the members essential in this addition, the operational reaction to significant episodes, and the jobs important at the state and nearby degrees of government when this extension is enacted.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Computer Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PC Crimes - Essay Example A remote psychological militant, who propelled the assault to make billions of dollars in harm the U.S. economy, is pointing towards the occurrence of 9/11 on The World Trade Center in America. America presumes that the assault on World Trade Center was a pre-arranged attack by the outside fear based oppressors. Remote fear based oppressor with the assistance of PC gets the subtleties of the plane and in addition customized the arrangement in an issue that's everything breaks get fizzled, the satellite settings for the plane to give flags on air terminal were cut off and nothing can prevent the arrangement from hitting the twin pinnacle, the World Trade Center at day time when the structure was in full blossomed with individuals. This hit not just harms the structures and gave the loss of billions of cash yet additionally wrecks the quantity of American families. This was a vital PC fear based oppression spread everywhere throughout the world. Lawbreakers for such sort of wrongdoings ought avoid the PC as well as they should avoid their friends and family as they separate numerous American relatives. They should be kept in the prison for throughout the entire life in a spot where they can’t see the world or can hear what is going near. To fix from such wrongdoings, state ought to be severe previously permitting outsiders to pass the migration for the nation.

How to Create Online Content that Gets Attention

How to Create Online Content that Gets Attention Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How To Create Online Content That Gets Attention? Follow 3 Essential Tips!Updated On 28/01/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1Lfz03W CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogContent marketing is not something new. It’s always been present in all types of Businesses. If you want to promote a product or service, you have to think of catch phrases and descriptions that will attract more consumers. With the rise of the Internet, however, content marketing received a whole new meaning. It became the most important aspect of everyone’s promotional strategy, only because businesses focus where the entire audience is: Online.According to research conducted by the Content Marketing Institute, 93% of business-to-business marketers are relying on content marketing when they promote products and services. 42% of these marketers say they are effective at this strategy.How exactly do you create online content?First, you should learn from your competitors. Monitor their success in the online community to see which strategies work and which ones you should avoid. There are available metrics, such as the number of comments and shares their posts get. Once you see what they are writing about, remember one thing: think of something different and better!If you are unable to construct excellent online content, you can rely on a rush essay service. Always delegate some tasks to professionals when you know they can handle them better than you.Once you get that awesome content, publish it! You thought that was enough? Nope, this is where the real marketing efforts begin: you need influencers to share it! Promote the posts and ads on all social media platforms, ask your employees to share them and engage other users in commenting and promote. Ask what the users thought and communicated with them as much as possible!So where do you find inspi ration to drive your content marketing campaign? That’s not a problem; the web is an endless source of triggers. You’ll find awesome infographics, blog posts, articles, images, memes, videos, and forum threads that will inspire you to create appealing content. Needless to say, motivation is never enough. These tips will help you use its entire potential:1. Your Posts Are Not Enough. You Need User-Generated Content!When you recommend your products and services through different campaigns, many people won’t be convinced you’re telling the truth. Take a look at any business and you’ll see the same promise: it’s the best one on the market. You know that’s not always the case. There is one thing that can make a potential customer believe in your awesomeness: Original user-generated content.WANT TO BUILD A COMMUNITY AROUND YOUR BLOG? TRY THIS:Why You Should Enable Guest Blogging On Your Blog NowHave you explored online forums and aggregator sites like Reddit and Product Hunt ? These are the places where people hang out and share their experience with different products and services. Other people take those opinions for granted, or, at least, they consider them when making the purchasing decision. When you serve your customers well, they will recommend your business to all important communities.Another way to obtain user-generated content is through YouTube videos, podcasts, blog posts, Facebook posts, and tweets. The only challenge is: how do you get the users to share their experience? Show appreciation for their opinion. The Audience Awards is a great example of clever content marketing. This video contest platform recently enabled the audience to watch and vote for the films showed at the LA Shorts Film Festival. Film lovers were motivated to watch and recommend the content they liked, so this was a successful way of attracting tons of shares and opinions.READ5 Simple Ways To Make Your Blog Addictive2. Plan Before You Act!Since the online community i s pretty liberal, you might assume you could say and do anything. That’s not how it works. You need to explore the preferences and expectations of your target audience before you can construct your content marketing campaign. Every word you write can make an influence, so think carefully before posting anything online. Have you noticed that there are always Internet users who get insulted, no matter how innocent the messages seem?Think about the content you are about to create. Will it present your business as a friendly, approachable, and convenient? Maybe your ideas seem great to you, but your audience will perceive them as a pure desire for profit at their expense. Try to put yourself in their shoes. Think about the marketing campaigns that attracted you and discovered the reasons for that appeal. Be very careful with your calls to action. The Internet community is ruthless, and it can quickly undermine your business if people discover dirt about you and your business. Let’s mention Bill Cosby’s desperate attempt to bring his name back to fame. He faced an angry Twitter community that remembered the old rape allegations more than his success as a comedian.There is an important lesson we can all learn from that scandal: do not expect people to appreciate you if your past is not clean. Content marketing can hardly take your business out of the dirt; you need to think about every step before you get to the action. The fewer mistakes you make, the happier your customers will be.3. Never, Ever Copy Someone Else!Do you know what the Internet audience is mostly attracted to? Originality! If you plan on copying someone else, you might as well give up on your content marketing campaign before you try publishing something online. You shouldn’t assume that paraphrasing and alterations will make your posts and ads seem genuine. Only pure creativity will help you achieve success!The essence of business blogging is quality. You need to attract consumers with new ideas, and you have to promote awesome content on the web. Yes, the attention span of blog readers is short, but you shouldn’t underestimate their power to recognize something they’ve seen before. Some of them have a very sharp eye for top-quality content and want more than entertainment: they are after solutions!YOU CAN PUBLISH GOOD CONTENT, BUT TO MAKE THEM VIRAL?Here Is The Simple Secret Behind Writing Viral Blog PostsRemember: Your business is not the only one in your niche. Potential customers are always open for the products and services that attract their attention. What makes you better than the rest? Use the above-listed content marketing strategy to prove you’re the right choice!

Friday, July 3, 2020

Student Writing Intensive Help

The Student Writing Intensives have been discontinued. Please click here to learn about the new Structure and Style for Students. You may also use our Decision Tree to find alternatives.    Welcome to the SWI Help page for teachers who own the SWI materials. Reinforcement Paragraphs If you are using the SWI-B and desire level A source texts, use the Level A Reinforcement Paragraphs.pdf. In addition to the source texts, this document includes sample outlines and level A composition checklists. If you are using the SWI-B with an older student, just use the level B materials with him or her. The important thing is to use materials that are at or below a student's reading level. Thus, your older student can use material from any SWI level to learn to write. The SWI-C source texts are suitable for advanced middle school students and high school students. If your student is finding the level C materials too difficult, it is likely that the SWI-C is too hard for him or her overall. It would be better to exchange the SWI-C for the SWI-B DVDs and materials. The presentation on the SWI-C is different enough from the other levels of SWI that it doesn't work as well to switch out the reinforcement work.    Lesson Plan Updates If you need the lesson plans to go with your older SWI, the complete packet is now available as a downloadable e-book. To purchase one, click here and choose the e-book to match your SWI DVDs.    FAQs and Support Below are more documents to help you teach using the Student Writing Intensive. They are sorted by unit model, and provide answers to frequently asked questions. For more help, click here to check out our support group for teachers. Files: On Formatting.pdf Unit 1-2 Key-Word Outlines and Summaries.pdf Unit 3 Story Sequence-Narrative.pdf Unit 4 and 6 Reports.pdf Unit 7 Creative Writing and Essay.pdf Who/Which Clause Help.pdf SWI Course Descriptions.pdf SWI Level Comparision.pdf SICC Level Comparision.pdf SWI-A in 4 Days.pdf SWI-B in 4 Days.pdf SWI-C in 4 Days.pdf SWI-B in 8 Weeks.pdf SWI-C in 8 Weeks.pdf    TWSS Viewing Guides ï » ¿TWSS First Edition Viewing Guide TWSS First Edition Time Signatures TWSS Second Edition Viewing Guide TWSS Second Edition Time Signatures    Student Writing Intensive Topics Covered Each group (A, B, or C) presumes no previous experience; levels differ mainly in the type of source texts used, speed of presentation, and sophistication of vocabulary. Choose the level based on your child’s age and maturity rather than writing ability. The Student Writing Intensives do not cover all nine units, but they do present the main units needed for their grade level of writing. The SWI-A prepares a student to write paragraphs, stories, simple reports, and creative writing. It presents all six dress-ups and one of the sentence openers. The SWI-B shows a student how to write paragraphs, stories, simple reports, and creative writing. It presents all six dress-ups and all of the sentence openers. The SWI-C teaches students how to write paragraphs, compose stories, take notes from a lecture, write simple reports, and how to outline and write a basic essay. It presents all six dress-ups, all six sentence openers, and the six decorations.    Group A - Group B - Group C See below for topics covered in each group:

Monday, May 25, 2020

The Growth And Rapid Growth Of East Asian Economies

The resilience and rapid-growth of East Asian economies even in the face of rising protectionism in their major export markets and a global recession, has intrigued developmental specialists who see Latin America as a prime candidate for comparison. By becoming increasingly libertarian and by embracing neo-liberalism Latin American countries have sought to emulate the success of East Asian economies. Nevertheless they have found it difficult to maintain their previous levels of growth, confronting piling external debts, high rates of inflation, shortages of investment capital, and the growing social and economic marginalisation of their population. Latin America’s industrialisation can be seen as a decedent of the East Asian model, however†¦show more content†¦These countries differ not only in the timing and trajectories of their development efforts but also in the ways they are linked to the world-system. Geopolitical unions, international debt, foreign aid, DFI, an d foreign trade have played very dissimilar roles in the regional development processes. The capital and labour markets as well as price mechanisms worked very differently in Latin America than in their equivalents in the industrial nations, with only a few underdeveloped countries satisfying the assumptions underlying neoclassical and Keynasian economics. The Northern paradigm of developmental economics proved futile to explain the causes and the persistence of underdevelopment and for proposing policies to overcome these states of affairs. The two regions are the most industrialised in the developing world, with Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina being the Latin American analogues of East Asia s Four Tigers (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore). The neoclassical economists in their eagerness to dismiss the challenge of rising inequality in the periphery, failed to notice that structuralists were among the first to recognise the limitations of import-substitution industrialisation as it was being implemented in various Latin American countries in an attempt to

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Romanticism in Young Goodman Brown Essay - 851 Words

Romanticism and Young Goodman Brown Romanticism was a literary movement that occurred in the late eighteenth century to the mid nineteenth century which shifted the focus of literature from puritan works, to works which revolved around imagination, the beauty of nature, the individual, and the value of emotion over intellect. The ideas of the movement were quite revolutionary as earlier literature was inhibited by the need to focus on society and the rational world it effected. Romanticism allowed writers to be more creative with there stories and to explore an irrational world which before, would have been at the very least frowned upon if not outright rejected. The short story, Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an†¦show more content†¦A strong example of a rash conclusion occurs when Goodman Brown beholds a pink ribbon caught on the branch of a tree. Because his wife wears pink ribbons, this confirms to him that his wife was in the forest and he responds by de claring, ‘My Faith is gone! cried he, after one stupefied moment. ‘There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil; for to thee is this world given. (pg. 6). He doesnt try and push down his intuition by considering the possibility that other women wore pink ribbons or another such explanation. A pink ribbon constitutes Faith in the woods, which means she was with the devil, which means there is no good left in the world. Whether he is correct in his assumption or not is unknown, but his emotional reactions to situations makes him a romantic figure. Nature plays a large role in the romantic work as well. In fact, almost the entire story of Young Goodman Brown takes place inside the forest in the dead of night. The forest in this work is extremely important because of the romantics belief that mysticism and the supernatural are wanton to occur in such areas, even thriving. This makes Goodman Browns journey into the forest all the more frightening also, as the supernatural could be anywhere at any time in such a place. Nature doesnt just represent the mystical in romanticism however. In theShow MoreRelated Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown – The Romanticism and Realism2999 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – The Romanticism and Realism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The reader finds in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† a mix of realism and romanticism, with the former dominating the latter.    Commenting on the presence of romanticism in Hawthorne’s short stories, Morse Peckham in â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism,† talks about the author’s usage of romantic themes:    In his early short stories and sketches Hawthorne was particularly concerned with threeRead More Romanticism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, The Birthmark, and Rappaccinis Daughter1065 Words   |  5 PagesRomanticism in Young Goodman Brown, The Birth-Mark, and Rappaccinis Daughter  Ã‚  Ã‚      Nathaniel Hawthorne gives his own definition of romanticism in the preface to The House of Seven Gables. According to Hawthorne, the writer of a romance may claim a certain latitude and may deepen and enrich the shadows of the picture, as long as he does not swerve aside from the truth of the human heart. The writer of a romance will be wise...to mingle the Marvelous as long as he does it to a slightRead More Realism vs. Romanticism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2595 Words   |  11 Pages     Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic tale â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a good example of a short story embodying both characteristics of realism and characteristics of romanticism. M. H. Abrams defines romantic themes in prominent writers of this school in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as being five in number: (1) innovations in the materials, forms and style; (2) that the work involve a â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings†; (3) that external nature be a persistent subjectRead More Romanticism in Scarlet Letter, Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown2077 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Romanticism in The Scarlet Letter, The Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne took elements of the European romanticism and reshaped them into a new literary form that is called American Romanticism. The American Romanticists created a form that, at first glance, seems ancient and traditional; they borrowed from classical romance, adapted pastoral themes and incorporated Gothic elements (Reuben 22). Some of the definable elements of romanticism combinedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Rip Van Winkle And Young Goodman Brown 1197 Words   |  5 Pages In Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the wilderness is used as a place for the main characters of both stories to have profound supernatural, spiritual experiences. Washington Irving uses the wilderness and nature to add a great sense of romanticism to his writing by creating a peaceful, mystical world. In Rip Van Winkle, Iriving implies that nature’s possessive beauty offers a great escape from the conventions of everyday life and can allow oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Great Gatsby 1416 Words   |  6 PagesMassachusetts, the Dark Romanticism author lived with some injuries, such as the death of his father. Yet, the wealth of his uncles helped him follow the dreams of becoming a writer. Hawthorne originally had no â€Å"w† in his name, yet he wanted to separate himself with the connection of one of his ancestors, John Hathorne, who was accused of using witchcraft. Edgar Allan Poe, born in the year 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts, was also a writer in Dark Romanticism. An orphan at a young age, Poe was going throughRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown And Good Country People Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Good Country People† are short stories written a little more than 100 years apart by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Flannery O’Connor respectively, and they both follow similar themes about religion and faith in a par allel sense. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† follows the story of a devout Puritan losing his faith in God and humanity through a journey in the woods. While â€Å"Good Country People† follows the story of an amputee woman who is â€Å"tricked† by a fake Bible salesman into going outRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown s Perspective On His Evil Society1290 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Goodman Brown’s Perspective on His Evil Society A society influences person greatly, it shows how a person will act in front of a crowd with a million faces watching them. It is the actions taken in front of people that matter the most ot a society so they can judge you. Hawthorne detested these practices and wrote stories about how it affects people s way of thinking. In Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Mr. Brown takes a walk through the woods that leads him to a secret ceremonyRead MoreThe Call of â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†1397 Words   |  6 Pages19th century American literature, we see the use of the latter tool in â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, where authors do not give the full information about their characters and events to create the desired effects. In Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†, the enigmatic title character â€Å"prefers not to† do things. On the othe r hand, in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, the lead character appears to be affected by his own inability to discern the truth and thus becomesRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Self Reliance and Conformity1169 Words   |  5 Pageshistory was dominated by an era of emotional and individualistic values of oneself, and a powerful sense of limitless possibilities. This was the Romanticism Period. An incredible number of miraculous masterpieces were contrived during this period of enlightenment, including Nathaniel Hawthorne’s dramatically thematic and ambiguous short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s intriguingly influential and uplifting essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. Hawthorne’s writing aspires to implicate theories

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Is No Space For Social Institutions - 1018 Words

It is essential for social institutions like the media, religion, work, and school to address and support various sexuality preferences. Not only address it in a positive meaningful way, but to create a space and accept various sexuality preferences. Essentially creating room for the intersex, a safe heaven for the individuals that are not fitting the American Binary gender model which currently only includes males and females. In the United States, individuals spend the majority of their time within these institutions, more than they do with their own families. Their lives depend on the already mentioned institutions for success. And because individuals rely on these institutions for success, it is essential to continue discussing, addressing and arbitrarily opposing institutions and places where there is no space for intersex. Currently American social institutions and discourses within the community oppose each other. Many social institutions like work, religion, and school claim to grant equal opportunity regardless of race, class, gender, sex, and socio economic status. On every social institution application, there questions that are mandated to be answered regarding sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity. If they were so concerned, why are social institutions so interested in you responding to race, class, and sex? In my opinion, it is a form of institutionalized discrimination. Due to the fact that the person reading your application may not approve yourShow MoreRelatedHow Do My Social Interactions and Relations Shape My Sense of â€Å"Here and Now†?1105 Words   |  5 PagesHow do my social interactions and relations shape my sense of â€Å"here and now†? My social interactions and relations have been shaped by space and time in many ways. Events and standard time are a major factor in structuring my time. Interactions with groups and people help shape my sense of space and are connected to different dominant institutions. Previous interactions and relations have helped unify my sense of time and space. Also, my social interactions and relations have changed my ideasRead MoreSpaces For Empowerment : Are The Civil Society Organizations Empowering Women? Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesSpaces for empowerment: Are the civil society organizations empowering women? Introduction Harriet Beecher Stowe, known for her anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom s Cabin once said, â€Å"Women are the real architects of society†. Certainly, women design, build, supervise, invent and realize ideas for the well-being of the family, and eventually the society. However in a gendered world, women are seen as the oppressed in significant ways. Feminists often make a stand that oppression in all its forms needRead MoreThe Problem Of African American Educational Achievement951 Words   |  4 Pagesthe classroom. The challenges encountered in academic and social life on campuses is the result of the scrutiny that black students face when it comes to their intellectual ability. The need to validate their intellectual competence in the classroom to White peers and to faculty derive from stereotypes or comments from non-Blacks about the Black community (Fres-Brit, 2002). Whether women of color choose to attend a particular institution because of its ability to satisfy a desire to b e in a predominantlyRead MoreChanging Social And Political Space Of Women Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pages 1 HAIFA ZUBAIR Changing Social and Political Space of Women: Special Reference to Women in Muslim Community of North Kerala Mphil Application: RESEARCH PROPOSAL INTRODUCTION Statistical index shows that the women of Kerala are distinct from that of other states in their outstanding gains in the fields of education and health. This is the one of the few states where mass literacy has been achieved for both men and women even across the different religious communities. Adult Literacy rate in 2011Read MoreTime Is Essential Everyday Life1123 Words   |  5 Pagesschedules to help organize their time and complete each task they must accomplish. For me, time is essential in everyday life. It provides a natural schedule that tells me when to wake up, go to sleep, eat, or any other plan for the day. Social interactions and institutions carve out certain parts of my time that I learn to adjust to. School, church, clubs, and friends are a few things that are responsible for molding my schedule each day. Over the years, people have transformed from becoming occupiedRead MoreShould Gay Be Gay?1506 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity (1024). This idea, referred to as â€Å"homosexual promotion,† leads to fears that gayness can be caused by simple interactions with gay men, especially adult gay men who may hold certain powers and privileges as teachers within public school institutions and easily affect these children who are often described as â€Å"sponges,† absorbing everything they see and hear into different thoughts and ideas (King 126). It also reduces, stigmatizes, and equates gayness to cults, and their isolation from generalRead MoreThe Space Race 792 Words   |  3 Pagesambition to explore past the realms of his being. The space race marked the first time homo sapiens were able to escape and extend their biosphere. This age is filled with technological advancement. The space race gave the ability for a new age of technological advancements to occur. Almost e very technological device that is produced or owned by people in the 21st century world contains technology that was invented or derived from the space race. Technology is the product of modernization andRead MoreNative Americans Talk Back And Looking Towards The Future923 Words   |  4 Pages96, Stocking Jr. 1985: 88, Patterson 2014: 52). Deidre Sklar, a researcher of Native American artifacts, stated that: â€Å"Time and space in a museum, are defined in terms of the confines of the collection, not of the context from which [the collection is] drawn. Visiting hours from ten to five and the glass exhibit case define EuroAmerican, not Native American time and space† (Weil 2004:3). In response to this outcry, the Museums of the American Indian Act was created and signed on November 28, 1989Read MoreCompare and Contrast Goffman and Focaults’ Explanations of How Social Order Is Made and Remade1698 Words   |  7 PagesSocial order is a concept that refers to a set of linked social structures and practices which maintain and enforce normal ‘normal’ways of relating and behaving. Social change provides the rules and regulations for what is ‘normal behaviour’ at the present time. This assignment incorporates the contrasts and comparisons of how social order is made and remade through the theories of Erving Goffman and Michael Foucault. This sentence is a bit complex—why not say this assignment compares and contrastsRead MoreSafe Spaces, Safer Spaces And Positive Spaces1710 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Nicole C. Raeburn, â€Å"†¦safe spaces may seem like they are just now on-trend when actually they trace back to the feminist consciousness-raising group from the 1960s and 1970s, others to the gay and lesbian movement of the early 1990s. In most cases, safe spaces are innocuous gatherings of like-minded people who agree to refrain from ridicule, criticism or what they term â€Å"microaggressions† â €“ subtle displays of racial or sexual bias – so that everyone can relax enough to explore the nuances

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Rise And Fall Of Guest Blogging - 1078 Words

The Rise and Fall of Guest Blogging By Mark Khoo | Submitted On July 08, 2016 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin 1 Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg 1 Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest 1 Guest blogging has being touted by some bloggers as a great way to achieve some kind of recognition and popularity. They say it will open doors for you to reach new heights in your blogging experience. Let me state here that I m no fan of guess blogging and lately I don t hear much about it unlike past years. I m sure it s still going on somewhere in the Blogosphere, but I guess it has gone lame. The argument is that guest blogging will help generate links, exposure and traffic to your own blog. Obviously, this is the motivation that got many bloggers posting on other people s blogs to gain that extra mileage. In a sense, guest bloggers are like butterflies or grasshoppers. If you want to move in the fast lane, once you joined the blogging community, you might think guest blogging would enhance the user experience. But first you ve got to gain an entry ticket before you re accepted by any other blogger whose site is your target. To do that, you have to show that you have got what it takes to write well - with great information, tips and whateverShow MoreRelatedHow Small Business Owners Can Get At The Top Of Google Search3957 Words   |  16 Pagesbuild you something unique and functional. 2. Fill that website with unique, relevant, and useful content. The content on your website is one of the most major factors that Google and search engines like it use to determine where your website should fall in the rankings. Keywords are still important, but they are neither the be-all nor the end-all when it comes to content these days. In fact, using too many keywords or using keywords that cannot be naturally integrated into content can hurt your rankingRead MoreA Study on Social Media Marketing6365 Words   |  26 Pagesthe business and interacting with consumer groups. These options also help in creating awareness and connecting with the user base. Micro blogging has literally taken social media marketing to a different level altogether. Arrival of Twitter took the online business world by storm. It is a great tool for business promotion. Launching of another micro blogging platform, Buzz has only made advertisers spoilt for choices. Popular social bookmarking sites like Delicious, StumbleUponRead MoreA Study on Social Media Marketing6376 Words   |  26 Pagesthe business and interacting with consumer groups. These options also help in creating awareness and connecting with the user base. Micro blogging has literally taken social media marketing to a different level altogether. Arrival of Twitter took the online business world by storm. It is a great tool for business promotion. Launching of another micro blogging platform, Buzz has only made advertisers spoilt for choices. Popular social bookmarking sites like Delicious, StumbleUponRead MoreEssay about Public Relations Notes2639 Words   |  11 Pagesinformation/ disclosure of information 41.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the key feature of Web 2.0? * More interactive experience where users how have multiple tools available through which to talk to one another in real time. Indirect 42.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because of the rise of social media, public relations practitioners must * Be more focused on listened to facilitate conversations between organizations and their constituents 43.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The format and mechanics of blogs make them attractive for all of the followingRead MoreCurrent Affairs in Egypt6127 Words   |  25 Pagesthe call, including the Muslim Brotherhood, whose participation has so far been quite low-key. For the first time in decades, Egyptian protesters went out in unprecedented numbers across the whole country with one slogan: â€Å"People want the regime to fall†. They made their demands clear. Mubarak should step down, the illegal parliament be dissolved and emergency law be suspended. The call was for the whole country to rally and unite, and there were no religious chants or slogans. The reaction of theRead MoreCorporate Communications - the Case of the Walt Disney Company13529 Words   |  55 Pagescommunicating 25 Application of Communication Theory to Disney 200117297 The HUB intranet with guests and the expectations of behavioural norms. Local communities CSR Report Volunteering opportunities promoted Fundraising volunteering are championed to Disney employees and external public. Methods focus on the maintenance of the magical brand identity. Feedback sought from customers/guests. New social media presence reflecting customer marketing preferences Customers Consumers ProductRead MoreFACEBOOK case study Essay11495 Words   |  46 Pagesthat no matter what, it would always be a hard sell to him. At the same time, Facebook’s investors were growing more restless as they monitored the young company’s share price. A Brief History of Facebook While attending Harvard University in the fall of 2003, Mark Zuckerberg and some of his college buddies created an on-campus website called Facemash, which was similar to Hot or Not—a social media site that prompted users to submit photographs that were judged by other users as either â€Å"hot† orRead MoreMarketing Principle Quiz20161 Words   |  81 PagesMarketers’ ability to search for key words used in the blogs is an example of a change in the _____ factor of the external environment. | | | | | Selected Answer: |   a.   technological | Correct Answer: |   a.   technological | Feedback: | Blogging exists in the technological environment. | | | | |   Ã‚  Question 4 | 1 out of 1 points    | | When planning marketing strategies during times of inflation, marketers must be aware inflation causes consumers to | | | | | SelectedRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages Preface xvii examples, so we’ve used a wealth of examples to clarify ideas and build interest. The last year has provided unusual challenges to providing current examples. The financial crisis and recession that descended on the United States in the fall of 2008 saw the failure or bankruptcy of companies that were formerly considered to be well run and highly admired. Human Resource professionals worried about attracting enough qualified talent were suddenly faced with laying off thousands of workersRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesResponsible Managers Relieve Stress on Their Employees 607 Questions for Review 608 Experiential Exercise Power and the Changing Environment 608 Ethical Dilemma Changes at WPAC 609 Case Incident 1 Starbucks Returns to Its Roots 610 Case Incident 2 The Rise of Extreme Jobs 610 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior 616 623 Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 About the Authors Stephen P. Robbins Education Ph.D. University of Arizona Professional Experience Academic

Essay No Control of Happiness in Brave New World - 1601 Words

Brave New World, acknowledges government control which results in the failure of a society. It is a world created where everything is under control, being observed, and synthetic. The society was manufactured in a test tube therefore, it was factory made. The people were born and developed in the test tubes, so their human nature became adapted so an individual cannot identify or approach it. Every little detail of a persons life is prearranged. These peoples lives revolve around their community, their existence, and security; never their individual happiness. They are basically living for their society as a whole. This society was designed to be successful but it failed to give people their individuality. The individuals sacrificed†¦show more content†¦There are five social classes, Alphas are ranked the highest then the Epsilons are ranked the lowest. The Alphas are certain to become the most successful and outstanding. They worked in the same place since birth, and wrot e false advertising phrases. They enjoyed all their advantages in their pursuits of life. The Epsilons, were very unfortunate, and were used to feeling less important than everyone else. Their job field included the friendly workers; such as coal miners, elevator operators, and steel workers. Every person from each different working field appreciated the work and found themselves indeed happy with their daily tasks. The key for happiness of the people in Brave New World was to try creating people like their unavoidable destiny (Huxley 37). â€Å"By brainwashing the people they saw happiness in their own attempts† (Huxley 34). John, who was naturally born, was astonished when he arrived to their community. He couldn’t comprehend how people could live under total control and not be aware of the fact that they never knew true happiness. He questioned how those individuals were so content doing the most simplistic tasks. They worked the jobs that the community assigned the m. No questions asked, being under control, therefore they couldn’t discover happiness in their society. This assumption controlled the way the characters viewed relationships. There was no realShow MoreRelatedAldous Huxley s Brave New World1564 Words   |  7 Pages Envision a world where everybody is happy, there is no sorrow or suffering, no fear of death, no misery, everything is pleasant, and the government doles out happy pills, known as Soma. Aldous Huxley’s novel â€Å"Brave New World† describes this world. Is everyone truly happy, and what do the citizens sacrifice in exchange for living in this utopia? Huxley helped shape the modern mind with provocative theories about humankind s destiny, and he was concerned with the possible social and moral implicationsRead MoreEssay On Brave New World And Gattaca953 Words   |  4 Pagesmoral science are not crossed. Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, and the movie Gattaca propose a technologically advanced society that challenges these ethical and moral views. Although Brave New World and Gattaca relate in the aspect of genetic discrimination, they differ in the limits and powers of technology and the effects of human spirit. Both Brave New World and Gattaca emphasize genetic discrimination as a major part of their societies. In Brave New World, a utopian society is createdRead MoreThe Social and Political Attitudes of Brave New World1373 Words   |  6 Pageshave to, or rather, you could not think for yourself? A place where ones happiness was controlled and rationed? How would you adapt with no freedom of thought, speech, or happiness in general? In the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, there are many different attitudes portrayed with the purpose to make the reader think of the possible changes in our society and how they could affect its people. Brave New World is an unsettling, loveless and even sinister place. This is because HuxleyRead MoreEssay on Imagine a Brave New World1255 Words   |  6 Pages Imagine a Brave New World  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Imagine living in a world without mothers and fathers, a place in which all those around you are human clones with no personality, a vast array of people that are not seen as individuals but a social body. This society results from the absence of spirituality and family, the obsession with physical pleasure, and the misuse of technology. The society described above, becomes a reality in A Brave New World, a novel depicting how the advancement ofRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley919 Words   |  4 Pages In Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, the social boundaries that we have today regarding sex does not exist, families are obsolete as citizens are made in Bokanovsky’s Process (one that does not require sex meaning, the need for parents is gone), and the government conditions their citizens from early ages to keep stability throughout its regime. Brave New World follows protagonist Bernard (and his hidden love for nature and struggle for freedom) through this society, revealing all of it’s gloryRead MoreTechnology And Technology : Brave New World1547 Words   |  7 PagesThemes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Use of Technology to Control Society Brave New World warns of the dangers of giving the state control over new and powerful technologies. One illustration of this theme is the rigid control of reproduction through technological and medical intervention, including the surgical removal of ovaries, the Bokanovsky Process, and hypnopaedic conditioning. Another is the creation of complicated entertainment machinesRead MoreBrave New World by Aldous Huxley811 Words   |  3 Pages Brave New World is based around characters who gave up the right of freedom for happiness; characters who ignored the truth so that they could live in a utopian civilization. The deceiving happiness was a constant reminder throughout the book. Almost every character in Brave New World did whatever they could to avoid facing the truth about their own situations. In this society, happiness is not compatible with the truth because the World State believes that happiness was at the expense of theRead MoreBrave New World Analysis737 Words   |  3 Pa gesBrave New World In Aldous Huxley’s novel, Brave New World, happiness does not really exist. The government controls the environment and the minds of the people to make citizens happy. The World State and the World Controllers believe that happiness and truth are opposites and don’t work together, so they picked making the citizens happy instead of allowing them to know the truths. Huxley argues that we as a population distract ourselves from the truth with technology and other means of diversionRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,Read MoreManipulated Free Will Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesand the pursuit of Happiness.† This may seem like a simple or meaningless satinets to some. But for me it means everything. It describes how as human beings, we have the right to choose. That one ability to pursue the thing or things make them happy is just as important as their right to be unhappy. In Huxley’s novel and in the film, The Truman Show, freedom is so manipulated and tainted that by todays standards it could not be considered freedom at all. In both Brave New World and The Truman Show

Mother Teresa Essay Summary Example For Students

Mother Teresa Essay Summary Mother Teresa is one of the greatest people of alltime. She spent her entire life serving others. She didnot worry about her own personal needs. She would ratherlive in poverty and help poor people than be wealthy andhelp no one. Mother Teresa lived in self caused povertybecause she felt that was her call. Mother Teresa was born into a wealthy family inBelgium. People who knew her at an early age described heras a goody-goody. Mother even taught her parents to bepeople. Mother Teresas father owned a constructionbusiness and therefore her family was affluent. But thisall changed when her father died at the age of 42. Herfamily became extremely poor. At the age of 18, MotherTeresa left her family and went to India. Mother Teresanever saw her family again. While in India, Mother Teresajoined the Loretta congregation. Since she was welleducated, she taught Geography to her sisters. After 20years in the Loretta congregation, she left to help the poorand the sick. She felt that this was her call. Mother Teresa at an early age was accustomed to seeingmany different types of people. She probably ran into manyimpoverished people. This is where she got her call. India at the time of Mother Teresa was in chaos. Gandhi had just been assasinated and the country was in astate of civil war. Many people who had already beenextremely poor became desditute. They had no means to takecare of themselves. They needed help and they needed itbad. Mother Teresa felt that it was her vocation to helpthese people. She was the only person who tried to doanything about their impoverishment. Mother Teresa did most of her work in Calcutta, India.It was a somewhat modern city with many rich people in it,but the majority of the population was dirt poor.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Marketing Ethics Theory and Pedagogy

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Ethics for Theory and Pedagogy. Answer: Introduction `The first EU-wide Net Neutrality rules were developed and adopted as well in October 2015 (Open Internet, 2017). The major focus of this particular study is to examine the regulation with respect to the ethical ground. Therefore, four ethical approaches such as the Utilitarian theory, Deontological theory, virtue theory and the contract theories have been considered in this study. Thus, this study aims to identify an ICT related issue based on which the ethically questionable right or wrong situation in regards to the regulation through the four theories. The rules implemented by European Union on net neutrality apply as of 30th April, 2016 by following the adoption of the Regulation (EU) 2015/2020 on 25th November, 2015. This particular regulation has become the key achievement for the Digital Single Market (Open Internet, 2017). In Digital Single Market, the free movement of capital, services and persons is assured and where the businesses and individuals can exercise and access seamlessly the online activities under the conditions in regards to the fair competition as well as a high level of personal and consumer data protection irrespective of their place of residence or nationality. Thus, this regulation has created the enforceable and individual right for the end users for distributing and accessing the internet services and content of their choice. Common rules governed by EU over the net neutrality assure that the similar provisions apply over the entire Europe. Identification of ICT-related Ethical Issue The major ICT related issue along with this study is the ICT professionalism. The rules mainly enshrine the net neutrality principles which are associated with no discrimination or throttling or blocking of the online services, applications and content (Cestone, 2014). According to this rule, every European must be capable of accessing to the open internet. On the other hand, all the service and content providers should be capable enough for providing their services over the open internet with high quality. This particular regulation also governs few ICT related issues. The net neutrality services and applications are not capable enough of providing the electronic communication services other than the services of internet access for that particular quality levels those are not ensured by the services of internet access are essential (Open Internet, 2017). This particular scenario can be analyzed by applying four major classical ethical theo ries. In other words, with the help of these theories such as Utilitarian, Deontological, Virtue and Contract theory, the ethically questionable situation can be analyzed for determining the wrongness or rightness of the decisions or actions made therein. Application of Utilitarian Theory This theory can solely place the locus of wrong as well as right on the outcome or the results to select one policy or action over the other policies and actions. The major principle of this particular theory is rule-utilitarianism, which is utilized in terms of determining the validation of the rules of conduct. On the other side, this theory also has another significant principle known as Act-utilitarianism. It is directly applied towards every alternative act in a situation for selection (Conklin, 2015). Therefore, according to this theory, the ICT-related issue to the regulation of net neutrality governed by EU should be resolved by adapting both the Act-utilitarianism principle and rule-utilitarianism principle. Thus, it can be stated that the electronic communication providers to the public incorporating the providers of services, applications and content as well as the providers of internet access services should be therefore free for offering few services those are not responsible for providing internet access (Kahane et al. 2015). These are optimized for the particular services, applications, contents or a combination where the optimization is needed for meeting the demand of services, applications and content for a particular quality level. Application of Deontological Theory - The major role of this particular theory is to place special emphasis over the relationship between the morality as well as responsibility or duty of the activities governed by the human beings. Therefore, Utilitarianism aims only on the outcomes whereas Deontology deals with the motives as well as intentions. Thus, according to the norms of Deontology, it must be stated that the national regulatory authorities should perform the verification operations whether and to what extent such optimization is required for ensuring one or more key features of services, applications and content over the internet access (Solum, 2015). On the other hand, it should enable a corresponding assurance of quality to be provided to the end users. Application of Virtue TheoryThis theory governs the ethical approach that emphasizes the character of an individual as the major element of the ethical thought process rather than the regulations regarding the acts themselves or their consequences. Therefore, with the helpof this particular ethicaltheory, the virtue orthe implication of the regulation can be easily identified and emphasized more than its drawbacks (Gotsis Grimani, 2015). As per the norms of virtue theory, the discrimination blocking aswell as throttling of the internet traffic under these rules of net neutrality governed by EU by the Internet Service Providers is not permitted in the EU. On the other hand, under these rules or by following these rules, all the traffic is treated equally in the open internet (Jordan, 2013). These rules are the improvised versions of the common or the traditional rules on net neutrality. As per those common rules, the Internet access services cant pick the losers or the winners over t he internet or decide which services and contents are available. Application of Contract Theory In the ethical ground, the contract theory mainly deals with the study of the way businesses as well as individuals develop and construct the legal agreements. With the help of this particular theory, it would become easier for analyzing the way through which different parties make decisions for creating a contract with the specific terms in case uncertain conditions take place (K?szegi, 2014). This theory also helps in covering how the businesses and individuals make contracts with the asymmetric information. According to the theory, it can beseen that the net neutrality rules governed by EU can provide certainty for the providers of internet access and the application and content providers for offering specialized services with the specific quality requirements (Christensen et al., 2016). It also incorporates the essential safeguards for ensuring the fact that the open internet is not affected by the provision of the services. Therefore, it can greatl y influence the principles of economic and financial behavior of the digital single market through open internet. Conclusion This entire study has successfully performed an in-depth analysis over the first EU-wide Net Neutrality rules with the help of the four significant ethical theories such as Utilitarian, Deontological, and virtue as well as contract theory. Thus, by applying all the four theories in the net neutrality rules, it can be seen that the Utilitarian and Deontological theory have helped this study for identifying the possible ways for resolving the issues associated with the rules. On the other hand, another two theories such as the virtue theory and the contract theory assess the net neutrality rules in terms of its advantages over the open internet services, which help these rules for creating a great achievement in digital single market. As an overall recommendation of this study it can be stated that the national regulatory authorities should perform the verification operations while incorporating net neutrality regulations whether and to what extent such optimization is needed for assuring one or more key features of services, applications and content over the internet access. References Cestone, G. (2014). Venture capital meets contract theory: risky claims or formal control?.Review of Finance,18(3), 1097-1137. Christensen, H. B., Nikolaev, V. V., Wittenberg?Moerman, R. (2016).Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), 397-435. Conklin, W. (2015).The utilitarian theory of equality before the law.Available at SSRN 2695840. Gotsis, G., Grimani, K. (2015). Virtue theory and organizational behavior: an integrative framework.Journal of Management Development,34(10), 1288-1309. Jordan, A. (2013). Reasons, Holism And Virtue Theory.The Philosophical Quarterly,63(251), 248-268. Kahane, G., Everett, J. A., Earp, B. D., Farias, M., Savulescu, J. (2015). Utilitarianjudgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas do not reflect impartial concern for the greater good.Cognition,134, 193-209. Kehoe, W. J. (2015). Marketing Ethics: Theory and Pedagogy. InProceedings of the 1982 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 261-264). Springer International Publishing. K?szegi, B. (2014). Behavioral contract theory.Journal of Economic Literature,52(4), 1075-1118. Open Internet. (2017).Digital Single Market. Retrieved 13 January 2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/open-internet-net-neutrality#Article Solum, L. B. (2015). Virtue as the End of Law: An Aretaic Theory of Legislation.Jurisprudence, Forthcoming.

Friday, April 17, 2020

How to Choose a BP Scholarship Essay Sample

How to Choose a BP Scholarship Essay SampleThere are many different websites on the internet that offer writing samples, so you may be wondering how to choose which one to use for your essay. The key is to find a website that offers more than one option, and then narrow it down based on how long it is. You do not want to waste a lot of time or money by looking at websites that offer a lot of different samples and not finding one that is tailor made for you. With so many different sites available, it can be overwhelming, and deciding which one to use for your research will take some time.One website that offers this type of essay is the Writing for Do-It-Yourself sites. Many of these websites will give you a few writing samples for free. If the essay is just too hard for you to tackle, then you can sign up for a membership and have unlimited access to their samples. This is a great resource if you are unsure of what type of essay you want to write.Another website that offers a wide ra nge of samples is the Writer's Resource website. Some of these samples are very similar to the other websites in terms of content. However, some of the sites may be written specifically for a specific purpose. For example, some of the writing samples on the writer's resource site are designed for writers who are seeking employment or for academic writing assignments. This makes it very easy to write a popular essay.There are some topics that are very easy to write an essay on. These topics include celebrity gossip, clothing, and politics. These types of topics are easy to research because it involves personal information about celebrities and celebrity fashion. You will also be given some guidelines for writing a short story as well as a business proposal.The topics that are considered 'harder' will involve topics such as celebrity relationships and politics. These topics will require a lot of research because they deal with real life. There will also be a lot of detail needed to wr ite the essay.Once you find a website that offers a variety of topics, you should try to find one that offers more than one option for writing an essay. The sample should offer some of these options, but it should also provide you with one that is very comprehensive. One way to find this type of essay is to look at the sample, and then take a look at the website's FAQ section to see if there is any advice that you are missing.Another important thing to look for when choosing an essay sample is the research that is included in the sample. It should be fairly detailed and should offer some in depth research on each topic. You should have some type of background information to support your essay.When you find a website that offers an essay sample, you should check out the sample to make sure that it is comprehensive. Be careful to also consider how easy it is to use the sample. You do not want to waste time and money by looking at a website that does not offer much value.

Saturday, April 11, 2020

Pregnancy and Substance Abuse free essay sample

Pregnant women who use substances such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methadone, methamphetamine, and other addictive substances put themselves and their babies at great risk; however, there is increasing evidence that even substances such as alcohol and cigarettes, which are commonly thought of as less dangerous than the previously mentioned substances, are extremely harmful to the newborn. Some forms of treatment have been proven effective in lowering the risks of these adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, many factors influence treatment effectiveness. The most important factors to consider regarding treatment involve the waiting period for treatment and the existence of an aftercare plan. Treatment providers should be educated about the special accommodations required for pregnant women. The Dangers of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy: Prenatal Developmental Issues That Begin with Substance Abuse Pregnancy is a beautiful experience that will be the beginning of the shaping and development of an individual, the preparation period for bringing a new being into the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Pregnancy and Substance Abuse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unfortunately, this sacred period of time is not immune to tragedy, mistakes, and heartache, especially when addiction or even casual substance use is involved. Pregnant women are not only eating for two, but are also damaging two bodies and souls when they choose to abuse substances during pregnancy. Substance abuse during pregnancy is becoming more prevalent, with substance abusing women of child bearing age accounting for 40% of the treatment population; this does not include those who are abusing substances but have not yet reached out for help or those who may never seek treatment (Mayet et al, 2008). Pregnant women who use substances such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methadone, methamphetamine, and other addictive substances put themselves and their babies at great risk; however, there is increasing evidence that even substances such as alcohol and cigarettes, which are commonly thought of as less dangerous than the previously mentioned substances, are extremely harmful to the newborn (Feldman, 2011). Additional statistics show that 50% of adult pregnancies are unplanned, and most women do not know they are pregnant until after one month (Kurgans, 2011). Therefore, it is common for women to use substances before they are even aware that they are pregnant, and by one month damage could have already been done to development of the fetus. Additionally, pregnancy is often a consequence of failed judgment during a period of substance abuse, and use of more than one substance is the norm among the substance abusing population (Kurgans, 2011). Substance use and abuse during pregnancy can have significant adverse affects on the baby to include premature birth, miscarriage, low birth weight, and many other possible cognitive and behavioral issues; however, some forms of treatment have been proven successful in lowering the risk of these issues. Possible Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Illicit and Licit Substance Effects Abstinence from illicit substances as well as harmful licit substances is necessary due to proven correlation of substance abuse during pregnancy with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A study conducted in 2010 found significantly more preterm births with pregnant women who used substances during pregnancy, specifically reporting that 25% of drug abusing women gave birth preterm (Dodd et al). This statistic is paralleled in a study done in 2007 which reported that 23% of children born to substance abusing mothers were born preterm (Topley, Windsor, Williams, 2007). Additionally, in the 2010 study, where only 8% of women in the control group gave birth to low weight babies, 30. % of women who used substances had this specific pregnancy outcome, showing a 22% greater frequency of low birth weight in babies whose mothers abused substances (Dodd et al, 2010). The risk for placental abruption is also higher among drug abusers, meaning that they are more likely to have a portion of placenta pull away from its original attachment to the uterine wall. In a healthy pregnancy, abruption would happen after the baby is born; when abruption occurs while the baby is still in ut ero, there is not adequate blood flow, oxygen, or nourishment for the baby. This means that the risk of birth defects and miscarriage is extremely high (Dodd et al, pp. 140). Another risk for addicted pregnant women is that the newborn baby can suffer from withdrawal. According to studies, withdrawal happens in about 20% of the cases followed where the mother used consistently throughout pregnancy (Topley et al, 2007). Also, a study reporting specifically on methamphetamine use during pregnancy found that heavy methamphetamine use was associated with lower arousal, more lethargy, and increased physiological stress (Smith et al, 2008, pp. 27). Martha Kurgans (2011), the Women’s Substance Abuse Services Coordinator for the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services, confirms the previous research that newborns who were exposed to substances during pregnancy are at increased risk for premature birth, low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and adds that another risk may be neurological and congenital problems. In addition to these effects of substance abuse during pregnancy that are noticeable immediately after birth, mothers may also be putting their children at risk for longer term complications. Possible Long Term Effects Long term effects on babies whose mothers used substances when pregnant are likely; however, according to some researchers these effects remain undocumented and under researched (Topley, Windsor, Williams, 2007). Topley, Windsor, and Williams study conducted in 2007 was specifically concerned with longer term effects on children whose mothers used substances, to include developmental, educational, and behavioral outcomes. They found that 74% of the children had no educational or behavioral issues at the time the study was conducted. None of the children were reported to have special educational needs other than minimal extra support from their teachers at school (Topley et al, 2007). About 20% of the children in this study had behavior or concentration problems; however, some of these could be attributed to other factors such as poor quality parenting. The researchers found that while educational and behavioral issues seemed to be minimal, 42% of the children studied were placed on the Child Protection Register at least once, most due to concerns of continued drug use, neglect, or domestic violence issues. One pattern that these researchers found was that there were significantly less concerns about these issues when there was a record that the child had seen a health professional in the last year (Topley et al, 2007, pp. 73). This may be evidence that educational and behavioral issues typically associated with prenatal drug use could be better attributed to the neglect or continued drug use of the parents rather than biological issues that occurred prenatally. In addition to the 42% of children that had been on the Child Protection Register at the time of the study, another 8% had child protection concerns. Therefore, a total of 50% of the children in this study required intervention of social services or removal from their homes in the early years of their lives. This observational study supports previous findings that a safe living environment is essential for all children but especially for children who were exposed to illicit substances prenatally. Furthermore, a safe living environment can decrease the risks of behavioral and developmental outcomes (Topley et al, 2007, pp. 75). Confirming the findings of this study, Martha Kurgans (2011) of the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services reports that newborns exposed to substances are at increased risk for poor maternal-child bonding, developmental delays, impaired academic development, neglect, abuse, exposure to violent situations, and unsafe living environments. This information shows that the consequences of substance abuse during pregnancy can not only affect the child immediately after birth, but can cause developmental delays or environmental challenges that have the potential to follow the child for the rest of its life. In addition to illicit substances, there is also increasing evidence that nicotine can be harmful to children, with expecting women who smoke accounting for 12% of the pregnant population (NIDA, 2009). The National Institute on Drug Abuse (2009) found that some children of women who smoked during pregnancy showed difficulty with processing auditory information. More importantly, studies conducted on rats showed that this can happen very quickly, with rats showing auditory processing issues after only five days of exposure to nicotine. In instances when the mother used cigarettes during the first few days of her third trimester, even when she is only intermittently using cigarettes, the nicotine exposure can cause serious long term auditory processing damage (NIDA, 2009). Even more concerning information regarding nicotine exposure prenatally is the finding that it can affect the likelihood that the child will become addicted to nicotine in he future. Arnold Mann (2004) states that while nicotine exposure does not increase the risk of the child initially experimenting with cigarette use, it does increase the risk that the child will become addicted to nicotine if they do experiment. Mann adds that the researchers involved in this study were able to control for socioeconomic status, maternal age at pregnancy, childs sex, and the childs age, t herefore being able to conclude that the result is a biological, not environmental, factor. Nicotine use during pregnancy can â€Å"permanently alter cells responsiveness in ways that increase vulnerability to tobacco addiction (Mann, 2004). † Alcohol, another legal substance, can also be very harmful when used during pregnancy, with one of the most common complications to follow alcohol use being Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (SAMHSA, 2006). The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2006) reports that no amount of alcohol consumption has been proven safe during pregnancy, and adds that prenatal alcohol exposure harms about one in every 100 babies born each year. This is in contrast with recommendations given by doctors in decades past, as doctors used to be of the opinion that the occasional drink would allow the pregnant woman to relax and would not cause harm (SAMHSA, 2006). Additionally, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the leading cause of babies born with mental retardation other than hereditary causes. Furthermore, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is not seen more commonly in any one socioeconomic level, with women at every level having given birth to children with the syndrome (SAMHSA, 2006). Even though alcohol and nicotine are legal substances, they have been proven very harmful to newborns who are exposed to them prenatally, even in very small doses. Cessation Rates The most obvious way to prevent any further harm to children would be to discontinue substance use as soon as the woman is aware that she is pregnant. However, this is not always easy as addiction can cause the women to only think about the drug, even when her own life and her babys life are in danger. Addiction can alter an individuals brain chemistry and as a result an addicted pregnant woman, or any addict, may actually not be able to discontinue drug use without professional assistance. One study conducted in 2009 reports that the cessation rate for alcohol use is significantly higher that the cessation rate for drug use, with the alcohol cessation rate shown at 87% and the drug use cessation rate at 56. 1% (Harrison Sidebottom, 2009). The difference may be attributed to the frequency at which the women were drinking alcohol as compared to the frequency at which they were using drugs, with alcohol use being reported several times per month but drug use being reported several times per week or even daily (Harrison Sidebottom, 2009). One issue to consider when thinking about cessation rates is the seriousness of the mother’s addiction, as most women want what’s best for their child and are motivated to discontinue illicit substance use for their baby’s health. This can be an important motivator for treatment, a window of opportunity; however, if the pregnant woman is not able to discontinue substance abuse even with this motivation, this is an indicator of serious addiction. A woman in this situation would likely need inpatient treatment, medically assisted treatment, or hospitalization in order for her newborn to have a chance at a healthy life (Kurgans, 2011). Treatment Issues One major issue with the treatment of substance abusing pregnant women is that waiting time for treatment effects treatment success and completion (Albrecht, Lindsay, Terplan, 2011). A study done on treatment plan completion by pregnant women found that waiting time was a predictor for completion, and that the effects of waiting times were dependent upon the treatment setting. Most pregnant women who entered treatment entered in an outpatient, low intensive treatment setting, and in this type of treatment setting immediate entry into treatment showed the strongest tendency for treatment completion (Albrecht et al, 2011). In reference to detoxification treatment, the researcher found the opposite trend. Pregnant women who entered immediately into detoxification treatment were less likely to complete the treatment; however, the results for this area did not show statistically significant. Additionally, in instances where the women were referred from the criminal justice program or had a high school education, the rates of treatment success were higher no matter what the treatment setting was (Albrecht et al, 2011). Finally, at least part-time employment was associated with more frequent treatment completion in outpatient treatment, but the same was not true for residential or detoxification settings. Another study done in 2008 confirms that many factors can change treatment effectiveness; this study found that early access to education and substance abuse treatment resulted in improved outcomes (Mayet et al, 2008). The findings of this research study completed by Albrecht, Lindsay, and Terplan (2011) show a great need for immediate services for pregnant women, particularly in the outpatient settings. Some states have already begun to require that pregnant women be treated with priority; however, it is necessary for treatment facilities to begin to eliminate limitations that will not allow them to immediately begin to treat pregnant women (Carvahlo Neil, 2011). Some treatment facilities currently have limitations that would not allow for the immediate treatment of an individual; it would be beneficial if they could eliminate these limitations so that they are better able to serve a population that is in great need. For example, federal regulations over opiate treatment programs such as methadone maintenance clinics state that the facilities must maintain current policies and procedures that reflect the special needs of pregnant women. Federal requirements for community service boards include being able to provide family focused services to pregnant and parenting women and their children, providing services for pregnant women within 48 hours of the request for services, and the ability to provide child care, transportation, and sufficient case management so that women are able to participate in treatment (Kurgans, 2011). If a local community service board is not able to provide these services within 48 hours, they are required to provide interim services and reach out to their state regulatory agency for assistance. Virginia legislation requires that prenatal care providers screen all pregnant women for substance abuse, and physicians are required to report substance exposed newborns to Child Protective Services. Additionally, pregnant women must be given a referral to their local Community Service Board after giving birth if they were using substances during their pregnancy (Kurgans, 2011). Treatment Successes As was mentioned before, pregnancy can be a motivation to remain free of illicit substances for women who would not otherwise find motivation. One form of treatment that has been found successful for opiate abusers is medication assisted treatment. Methadone maintenance remains the â€Å"gold standard† for opiate addicted pregnant women, and buprenorphine may also be effective but has not yet been researched in detail (Carvahlo Neil, 2011). Methadone has been proven to prevent erratic maternal opioid levels, protect the fetus from repeated episodes of withdrawal, improve maternal health and nutrition, and improves the growth of the fetus. Studies have shown that methadone can also decrease pregnancy complications and preterm labor by 30-40%. While methadone and buprenorphine may still cause withdrawal in the newborn, the risks of the pregnant women continuing to use illicit substances and put themselves in dangerous situations is far more harmful than the withdrawals, which can be monitored closely by doctors when the baby is born (Carvahlo Neil, 2011). Withdrawal in newborns is called neonatal abstinence syndrome and can occur from 3-12 days after birth. Symptoms can include sleeping issues, feeding issues, and lack of weight gain. Symptoms can vary due to drugs other than methadone or buprenorphine used by the mother, the mother’s metabolism, and the infant’s metabolism. Some ways to reduce the symptoms of neonatal are decreasing light exposure, minimizing excessive noise, and avoiding unnecessary handling (Carvahlo Neil, 2011). The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (2006) recommends identifying and using community resources to help prevent Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and other issues that can result from substance abuse during pregnancy. Specifically, SAMHSA (2006) suggests getting neighborhood groups and community centers, local health departments, civic organizations, employers, the local media, and recreational businesses involved in the effort to prevent and treat substance abuse during pregnancy. Additionally, aftercare services should be provided for pregnant women so that they can continue to be supported throughout parenthood (Carvahlo Niel, 2011); this is important as the research shows that if a child does not have developmental of physical issues at birth, there is still a chance they will have educational and developmental difficulties later on due to their home environment. Discussion Pregnant women who abuse substances are not only putting themselves at risk for physical and psychological issues, but are also putting their children at risk for premature birth, low birth weight, significant cognitive and ehavioral issues, and even miscarriage. Despite the risks, some women may find it hard to quit using substances. It is imperative to their childrens well-being that these women are able to enter treatment as quickly as possible. Treatment should educate the women about the disease of addiction, the risks they are taking by abusing substances during pregnancy, and sho uld also provide parenting skills training so that the mother is more able to provide a healthy living environment. It is apparent from the current research that a lot of questions regarding pregnancy and substance abuse remain unanswered. What we can conclude is that the research seems to show that with treatment and proper medical care, the newborns have a fair chance at a healthy life. However, environmental factors play a large role in whether or not the children will be developmentally and educationally successful. In order for children to grow up to be contributing members of society, there is a continued need for intervention to ensure that the children are living in safe environments free of abuse, neglect, continued abuse of substances by parents, violence, and other dangerous situations. Future research about pregnancy and substance abuse is needed, specifically as it applies to longer term treatment outcomes. There has been some research on short term outcomes, such as treatment completion; however, it would be beneficial to conduct longitudinal studies to show how cessation, treatment, support systems, and environmental factors effect the outcome of the substance abused child later in childhood and adolescence. Most importantly, we can conclude from the findings of research that policies at treatment facilities should be in place to ensure that pregnant women have priority when entering treatment in compliance with federal and state regulations. Employees at treatment facilities should be specifically trained in the area of pregnancy, so that they are more able to assist women in making a better life for themselves and their future families. Ultimately, the goal of substance abuse treatment facilities should be to give pregnant patients priority, as well as to give them knowledge, skills, and tools needed to provide their children with a life free of substance abuse, criminal behavior, violence, and other environmental factors that will contribute to the continuation of the cycle of self destruction by substance abuse. With the collaboration of community resources, the proper training of employees at treatment facilities, and the emphasis of quick entry into treatment for pregnant patients, women and their children will have a better chance at productive and safe lives.